바사 는 고대 중앙아시아 지역을 지배했던 "페르시아"를 일컫는다. 이란고원 지방에 거주하던 아리안 민족이 세운 나라로
Media 를 세운 민족과는 친척이다. 당시 중앙아시아지방을 지배하던
Babylon 을 멸망시킨 것은
Media 였으나 곧이어 바사에게로 주도권이 넘어간다.
성경에서는 거의 같이 언급이 되고 있다.
“If it pleases the king, let a royal commandment go from him, and let it be written among the laws of the Persians and the Medes, so that it cannot be altered, that Vashti may never again come before King Ahasuerus; and let the king give her royal estate to another who is better than she.
Now, O king, establish the decree, and sign the writing, that it not be changed, according to the law of the Medes and Persians, which doesn’t alter.”
Babylon 을 멸망시킨 왕은
Media 의
다리오 왕인데, 그는 60세에 바벨론을 멸망시키고 나라를 세웠다.
Darius the Mede received the kingdom, being about sixty-two years old.
그 당시 조카인
Cyrus 는 다리오와 함께 바벨론을 점령하였고, 다리오가 죽은 뒤 왕위오르면서 바사, 즉 페르시아의 초대 왕이 된다.
성경에 등장하는 바사 왕
1.
Cyrus : 바사 제국의 초대 왕이다. 왕이 되자 바벨론으로 사로잡혀갔던 유다의 포로들을 귀한하라는 칙령을 내린다.
1 Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia , that Yahweh’s word by Jeremiah’s mouth might be accomplished, Yahweh stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, so that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying,
2 “Cyrus king of Persia says, ‘Yahweh, the God of heaven, has given me all the kingdoms of the earth; and he has commanded me to build him a house in Jerusalem , which is in Judah.
3 Whoever there is among you of all his people, may his God be with him, and let him go up to Jerusalem , which is in Judah , and build the house of Yahweh, the God of Israel (he is God), which is in Jerusalem.
이는
Jeremiah (Prophet) 의 예언을 이루기 위함이었다.
For Yahweh says, “After seventy years are accomplished for Babylon , I will visit you and perform my good word toward you, in causing you to return to this place.
2.
Ahasuerus (Cambyses) - 캄비세스라고도 한다.
예루살렘으로 1차 귀환한
Joshua (son of Jehozadak) 와
Zerubbabel 총독의 지도아래 성전공사를 할 당시의 왕이다.
In the reign of Ahasuerus, in the beginning of his reign, they wrote an accusation against the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem .
3.
Artaxerxes (Ezra 4) - 아닥세스세스라고도 한다.
위의 아하수에로의 동생을 사칭하며 반란을 일으킨 왕이다. 예루살렘 인근지역에 있던 자들이 이때도 성전건설을 반대하는 편지를 보낸다.
7 In the days of Artaxerxes, Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel, and the rest of his companions, wrote to Artaxerxes king of Persia ; and the writing of the letter was written in Syrian, and delivered in the Syrian language.
8 Rehum the chancellor and Shimshai the scribe wrote a letter against Jerusalem to Artaxerxes the king as follows,
9 then Rehum the chancellor, Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their companions, the Dinaites, and the Apharsathchites, the Tarpelites, the Apharsites, the Archevites, the Babylonians, the Shushanchites, the Dehaites, the Elamites,
10 and the rest of the nations whom the great and noble Osnappar brought over, and set in the city of Samaria , and in the rest of the country beyond the River, and so forth, wrote.
11 This is the copy of the letter that they sent: To King Artaxerxes, From your servants the men beyond the River.
12 Be it known to the king that the Jews who came up from you have come to us to Jerusalem . They are building the rebellious and bad city, and have finished the walls, and repaired the foundations.
13 Be it known now to the king that if this city is built and the walls finished, they will not pay tribute, custom, or toll, and in the end it will be hurtful to the kings.
14 Now because we eat the salt of the palace, and it is not appropriate for us to see the king’s dishonor, therefore we have sent and informed the king,
15 that search may be made in the book of the records of your fathers. You will see in the book of the records, and know that this city is a rebellious city, and hurtful to kings and provinces, and that they have started rebellions within it in the past. That is why this city was destroyed.
16 We inform the king that, if this city is built and the walls finished, then you will have no possession beyond the River.
17 Then the king sent an answer to Rehum the chancellor, and to Shimshai the scribe, and to the rest of their companions who live in Samaria , and in the rest of the country beyond the River: Peace.
18 The letter which you sent to us has been plainly read before me.
19 I decreed, and search has been made, and it was found that this city has made insurrection against kings in the past, and that rebellion and revolts have been made in it.
20 There have also been mighty kings over Jerusalem , who have ruled over all the country beyond the River; and tribute, custom, and toll, was paid to them.
21 Make a decree now to cause these men to cease, and that this city not be built, until a decree is made by me.
22 Be careful that you not be slack doing so. Why should damage grow to the hurt of the kings?
23 Then when the copy of king Artaxerxes’ letter was read before Rehum, Shimshai the scribe, and their companions, they went in haste to Jerusalem to the Jews, and made them to cease by force of arms.
4.
다리오 1세 -
Cyrus 왕 때 승인된 성전 건축이 완공될 시점의 왕
1 Then Darius the king made a decree, and the house of the archives, where the treasures were laid up in Babylon , was searched.
2 A scroll was found at Achmetha, in the palace that is in the province of Media , and in it this was written for a record:
3 In the first year of Cyrus the king, Cyrus the king made a decree: Concerning God’s house at Jerusalem , let the house be built, the place where they offer sacrifices, and let its foundations be strongly laid; with its height sixty cubits, and its width sixty cubits;
4 with three courses of great stones and a course of new timber. Let the expenses be given out of the king’s house.
5 Also let the gold and silver vessels of God’s house, which Nebuchadnezzar took out of the temple which is at Jerusalem , and brought to Babylon , be restored and brought again to the temple which is at Jerusalem, everything to its place. You shall put them in God’s house.
6 Now therefore, Tattenai , governor beyond the River, Shetharbozenai, and your companions the Apharsachites, who are beyond the River, you must stay far from there.
7 Leave the work of this house of God alone; let the governor of the Jews and the elders of the Jews build this house of God in its place.
8 Moreover I make a decree what you shall do for these elders of the Jews for the building of this house of God: that of the king’s goods, even of the tribute beyond the River, expenses must be given with all diligence to these men, that they not be hindered.
9 That which they have need of, including young bulls, rams, and lambs, for burnt offerings to the God of heaven; also wheat, salt, wine, and oil, according to the word of the priests who are at Jerusalem , let it be given them day by day without fail;
10 that they may offer sacrifices of pleasant aroma to the God of heaven, and pray for the life of the king, and of his sons.
11 I have also made a decree that whoever alters this message, let a beam be pulled out from his house, and let him be lifted up and fastened on it; and let his house be made a dunghill for this.
12 May the God who has caused his name to dwell there overthrow all kings and peoples who stretch out their hand to alter this, to destroy this house of God which is at Jerusalem . I Darius have made a decree. Let it be done with all diligence.
13 Then Tattenai , the governor beyond the River, Shetharbozenai, and their companions did accordingly with all diligence, because Darius the king had sent a decree.
14 The elders of the Jews built and prospered, through the prophesying of Haggai the prophet and Zechariah the son of Iddo. They built and finished it, according to the commandment of the God of Israel , and according to the decree of Cyrus , Darius, and Artaxerxes king of Persia .
15 This house was finished on the third day of the month Adar , which was in the sixth year of the reign of Darius the king.
5.
Ahasuerus (Xerxes I) -
Esther (Queen) 이야기에 등장하는 왕이다.
6.
Artaxerxes (Ezra 7, 8) -
Ezra (Scholar) ,
Nehemiah (Governor) 를 귀환시킨 왕
7.
다리오 2세 - 느헤미야 12장의 바사왕 다리오
Babylon을 멸망시킨 왕은 Media의 다리오왕인데, 그는 60세에 바벨론을 멸망시키고 나라를 세웠다.
그 당시 조카인 Cyrus는 다리오와 함께 바벨론을 점령하였고, 다리오가 죽은 뒤 왕위오르면서 바사, 즉 페르시아의 초대 왕이 된다.