스올(sheol) 은 음부, 혹은 무덤이라고도 번역된 죽은 자가 가는 곳을 가리키는 히브리어이다.
과거에는 이 스올이 우리가 흔히 생각하는 "지옥"으로 번역되고 인식되었는데, 구약성경을 보면 이 악인이나 의인이나 관계없이 모두 '스올'에 내려간다는 내용이 기록되어있다.
신약에서는 '하데스', '게헨나', '타르타루스' 등의 헬라어로 번역되어있으나, 이런 구분이 명확하게 나눠지지 않아있다.
확실하게 말할 수 있는 것은 히브리인들은 사람은 누구나 죽으면 스올로 내려간다고 믿었다는 것이고,
일부 성경에서는 스올에서 악인들이 심판을 받는다는 내용이 있다.
As the cloud is consumed and vanishes away, so he who goes down to Sheol will come up no more.
Yahweh, you have brought up my soul from Sheol . You have kept me alive, that I should not go down to the pit.
Whatever your hand finds to do, do it with your might; for there is no work, nor plan, nor knowledge, nor wisdom, in Sheol , where you are going.
All his sons and all his daughters rose up to comfort him, but he refused to be comforted. He said, “For I will go down to Sheol to my son, mourning.” His father wept for him.
He said, “My son shall not go down with you; for his brother is dead, and he only is left. If harm happens to him along the way in which you go, then you will bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to Sheol .”
29 If you take this one also from me, and harm happens to him, you will bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to Sheol .’
30 Now therefore when I come to your servant my father, and the boy is not with us; since his life is bound up in the boy’s life;
31 it will happen, when he sees that the boy is no more, that he will die. Your servants will bring down the gray hairs of your servant, our father, with sorrow to Sheol .
“Oh that you would hide me in Sheol , that you would keep me secret until your wrath is past, that you would appoint me a set time and remember me!
13 If I look for Sheol as my house, if I have spread my couch in the darkness,
14 if I have said to corruption, ‘You are my father;’ to the worm, ‘My mother,’ and ‘My sister,’
15 where then is my hope? as for my hope, who will see it?
16 Shall it go down with me to the gates of Sheol , or descend together into the dust?”
4 The cords of death surrounded me. The floods of ungodliness made me afraid.
5 The cords of Sheol were around me. The snares of death came on me.
Yahweh, you have brought up my soul from Sheol . You have kept me alive, that I should not go down to the pit.
But God will redeem my soul from the power of Sheol , for he will receive me.
I said, “In the middle of my life I go into the gates of Sheol . I am deprived of the residue of my years.”
For you will not leave my soul in Sheol , neither will you allow your holy one to see corruption.
27 because you will not leave my soul in Hades, neither will you allow your Holy One to see decay.
28 You made known to me the ways of life. You will make me full of gladness with your presence.’
29 “Brothers, I may tell you freely of the patriarch David , that he both died and was buried, and his tomb is with us to this day.
30 Therefore, being a prophet, and knowing that God had sworn with an oath to him that of the fruit of his body, according to the flesh, he would raise up the Christ to sit on his throne,
31 he foreseeing this spoke about the resurrection of the Christ, that his soul wasn’t left in Hades, and his flesh didn’t see decay.
So they, and all that belonged to them went down alive into Sheol . The earth closed on them, and they perished from among the assembly.
18 “Son of man, wail for the multitude of Egypt , and cast them down, even her and the daughters of the famous nations, to the lower parts of the earth, with those who go down into the pit.
19 Whom do you pass in beauty? Go down, and be laid with the uncircumcised.
20 They will fall among those who are slain by the sword. She is delivered to the sword. Draw her away with all her multitudes.
21 The strong among the mighty will speak to him out of the middle of Sheol with those who help him. They have gone down. The uncircumcised lie still, slain by the sword.
22 “Asshur is there with all her company. Her graves are all around her. All of them slain, fallen by the sword;
23 whose graves are set in the uttermost parts of the pit, and her company is around her grave; all of them slain, fallen by the sword, who caused terror in the land of the living.
Sheol from beneath has moved for you to meet you at your coming. It stirs up the departed spirits for you, even all the rulers of the earth. It has raised up from their thrones all the kings of the nations.
The wicked shall be turned back to Sheol , even all the nations that forget God.
The sea gave up the dead who were in it. Death and Hades gave up the dead who were in them. They were judged, each one according to his works.