입다(Jephthah) 는 이스라엘의
Judge 였다.
Ammonites 과의 전쟁에서 큰 승리를 이뤘다.
입다의 출신 성분
입다는
길르앗 지방 사람으로
므낫세 지파 로 여겨진다.
The sons of Manasseh: of Machir, the family of the Machirites; and Machir became the father of Gilead; of Gilead, the family of the Gileadites.
Jephthah judged Israel six years. Then Jephthah the Gileadite died, and was buried in the cities of Gilead.
성경에는 기생의 아들이라고 되어있다. 그래서 그의 아버지의 본처 자식들이 그를 내쫓았다.
1 Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a mighty man of valor. He was the son of a prostitute. Gilead became the father of Jephthah.
2 Gilead’s wife bore him sons. When his wife’s sons grew up, they drove Jephthah out and said to him, “You will not inherit in our father’s house, for you are the son of another woman.”
여기서 입다의 가족이 머물렀던 길르앗 지역은
Gilead (place name) 에서 알 수 있듯이 요단강의 동쪽 지방,
므낫세 반 지파 의 땅으로
Ammonites 과 닿아있는 지역이다. 입다는 여기서 쫓겨나 길르앗 보다 더 동쪽인
Tob 지방에 머물렀다고 나와있으니 이 지역은 거의 이스라엘 경계를 벗어나 암몬 지역에 속한 곳에 가까울 것으로 추측된다.
그곳에서 "잡류"가 모여들었다고 한다.
Then Jephthah fled from his brothers and lived in the land of Tob . Outlaws joined up with Jephthah, and they went out with him.
입다가 암몬과의 전쟁에 참여하다
당시에는 이스라엘 민족의 우상숭배함으로 인해 하나님의 징계를 받아
Ammonites 으로부터 침략을 계속해서 당하던 중이었다.
6 The children of Israel again did that which was evil in Yahweh’s sight, and served the Baals, the Ashtaroth , the gods of Syria, the gods of Sidon , the gods of Moab, the gods of the children of Ammon, and the gods of the Philistines . They abandoned Yahweh, and didn’t serve him.
7 Yahweh’s anger burned against Israel , and he sold them into the hand of the Philistines and into the hand of the children of Ammon.
8 They troubled and oppressed the children of Israel that year. For eighteen years they oppressed all the children of Israel that were beyond the Jordan in the land of the Amorites , which is in Gilead.
9 The children of Ammon passed over the Jordan to fight also against Judah, and against Benjamin, and against the house of Ephraim, so that Israel was very distressed.
10 The children of Israel cried to Yahweh, saying, “We have sinned against you, even because we have forsaken our God, and have served the Baals.”
그리고 입다가 돕 땅에 있던 시기에도 암몬 족속의 침략이 있었다. 이에 길르앗의 장로들이 입다를 찾아와 암몬과의 전쟁을 지도해달라고 부탁한다. 이를 미뤄보건대 원래 입다는 용맹하고 리더십이 강한 사람이었음을 짐작할 수 있다.
입다는 그동안 자신의 출신 때문에 쫓아내고는 이제와서 자신을 찾느냐고 하며 그동안의 서러움을 이야기하면서도, 만일 자신이 전투에 승리하면 당신들의 지도자가 되어도 좋겠는지 제안하고 약속을 받아낸다.
4 After a while, the children of Ammon made war against Israel .
5 When the children of Ammon made war against Israel , the elders of Gilead went to get Jephthah out of the land of Tob .
6 They said to Jephthah , “Come and be our chief, that we may fight with the children of Ammon.”
7 Jephthah said to the elders of Gilead, “Didn’t you hate me, and drive me out of my father’s house? Why have you come to me now when you are in distress?”
8 The elders of Gilead said to Jephthah , “Therefore we have turned again to you now, that you may go with us and fight with the children of Ammon. You will be our head over all the inhabitants of Gilead.”
9 Jephthah said to the elders of Gilead, “If you bring me home again to fight with the children of Ammon, and Yahweh delivers them before me, will I be your head?”
10 The elders of Gilead said to Jephthah , “Yahweh will be witness between us. Surely we will do what you say.”
11 Then Jephthah went with the elders of Gilead, and the people made him head and chief over them. Jephthah spoke all his words before Yahweh in Mizpah .
우선 입다는 전쟁에 임하기 전에 암몬 족속의 왕에게 연락하여 이 전쟁이 부당한 것임을 이야기 한다. 그러자 암몬 왕은 예전에 출애굽 당시 이스라엘 민족이 암몬 족속의 땅을 빼앗았기 때문에 그것을 되찾기 위한 전쟁이라는 거짓 명분을 내세운다.
11 Then Jephthah went with the elders of Gilead, and the people made him head and chief over them. Jephthah spoke all his words before Yahweh in Mizpah .
12 Jephthah sent messengers to the king of the children of Ammon, saying, “What do you have to do with me, that you have come to me to fight against my land?”
13 The king of the children of Ammon answered the messengers of Jephthah , “Because Israel took away my land when he came up out of Egypt , from the Arnon even to the Jabbok , and to the Jordan . Now therefore restore that territory again peaceably.”
그러자 입다는 역사적 사실을 들어 반박을 한다.
출애굽 당시 이스라엘 민족은 에돔과 모압의 경계를 침범하지 않고 우회해서 이 지역으로 들어왔는데, 그 당시 이 지역은 암몬 족속의 땅이 아닌
Amorites 의 땅이었으며, 하나님이 아모리 족속을 이스라엘에게 붙여 그 왕
Sihon 도 죽임을 당하고 이 지역을 300년동안이나 이스라엘 민족이 다스리고 있음을 주장한다. 그러나, 애초에 암몬의 왕은 침략을 목적으로 일으킨 전쟁이기에 그 말을 듣지 않는다.
14 Jephthah sent messengers again to the king of the children of Ammon;
15 and he said to him, “Jephthah says: Israel didn’t take away the land of Moab, nor the land of the children of Ammon;
16 but when they came up from Egypt , and Israel went through the wilderness to the Red Sea, and came to Kadesh ,
17 then Israel sent messengers to the king of Edom, saying, ‘Please let me pass through your land;’ but the king of Edom didn’t listen. In the same way, he sent to the king of Moab, but he refused; so Israel stayed in Kadesh .
18 Then they went through the wilderness, and went around the land of Edom, and the land of Moab, and came by the east side of the land of Moab, and they encamped on the other side of the Arnon ; but they didn’t come within the border of Moab, for the Arnon was the border of Moab.
19 Israel sent messengers to Sihon king of the Amorites , the king of Heshbon ; and Israel said to him, ‘Please let us pass through your land to my place.’
20 But Sihon didn’t trust Israel to pass through his border; but Sihon gathered all his people together, and encamped in Jahaz , and fought against Israel.
21 Yahweh, the God of Israel , delivered Sihon and all his people into the hand of Israel, and they struck them. So Israel possessed all the land of the Amorites , the inhabitants of that country.
22 They possessed all the border of the Amorites , from the Arnon even to the Jabbok , and from the wilderness even to the Jordan .
23 So now Yahweh, the God of Israel , has dispossessed the Amorites from before his people Israel, and should you possess them?
24 Won’t you possess that which Chemosh your god gives you to possess? So whoever Yahweh our God has dispossessed from before us, them will we possess.
25 Now are you anything better than Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab? Did he ever strive against Israel , or did he ever fight against them?
26 Israel lived in Heshbon and its towns, and in Aroer and its towns, and in all the cities that are along the side of the Arnon for three hundred years! Why didn’t you recover them within that time?
27 Therefore I have not sinned against you, but you do me wrong to war against me. May Yahweh the Judge be judge today between the children of Israel and the children of Ammon.”
28 However, the king of the children of Ammon didn’t listen to the words of Jephthah which he sent him.
입다의 서원과 전쟁의 승리
성령께서 입다에게 임하시고 입다는 전쟁에 나가기 전에 하나님께 서원을 하게 된다.
전젱에서 승리후 돌아올 대에 자신의 집 앞에서 처음으로 마중나오는 존재를 하나님께 바치겠다는 내용이었다.
이후 하나님의 은혜로 전쟁에 큰 승리를 거두고 집으로 돌아왔는데, 그 때 입다의 딸이 가장 먼저 마중을 나오게 되었다.
29 Then Yahweh’s Spirit came on Jephthah , and he passed over Gilead and Manasseh, and passed over Mizpah of Gilead, and from Mizpah of Gilead he passed over to the children of Ammon.
30 Jephthah vowed a vow to Yahweh, and said, “If you will indeed deliver the children of Ammon into my hand,
31 then it shall be, that whatever comes out of the doors of my house to meet me when I return in peace from the children of Ammon, it shall be Yahweh’s, and I will offer it up for a burnt offering.”
32 So Jephthah passed over to the children of Ammon to fight against them; and Yahweh delivered them into his hand.
33 He struck them from Aroer until you come to Minnith , even twenty cities, and to Abelcheramim, with a very great slaughter. So the children of Ammon were subdued before the children of Israel .
34 Jephthah came to Mizpah to his house; and behold, his daughter came out to meet him with tambourines and with dances. She was his only child. Besides her he had neither son nor daughter.
35 When he saw her, he tore his clothes, and said, “Alas, my daughter! You have brought me very low, and you are one of those who trouble me; for I have opened my mouth to Yahweh, and I can’t go back.”
36 She said to him, “My father, you have opened your mouth to Yahweh; do to me according to that which has proceeded out of your mouth, because Yahweh has taken vengeance for you on your enemies, even on the children of Ammon.”
37 Then she said to her father, “Let this thing be done for me. Leave me alone two months, that I may depart and go down on the mountains, and bewail my virginity, I and my companions.”
38 He said, “Go.” He sent her away for two months; and she departed, she and her companions, and mourned her virginity on the mountains.
39 At the end of two months, she returned to her father, who did with her according to his vow which he had vowed. She was a virgin. It became a custom in Israel
40 that the daughters of Israel went yearly to celebrate the daughter of Jephthah the Gileadite four days in a year.
이 입다가 딸을 하나님께 바친다는 내용을 가지고 여러 사람들 사이에 쟁점이 되었다.
본문의 내용 정황상 입다가 자신의 딸을 하나님께 인신공양을 한 내용으로 읽혀지기 때문이다.
그러나 성경 전체를 통틀어 증거되고 있는 것은 하나님께서는 인신공향을 굉장히 싫어하시고, 그런 행위를 하는 이방 종교의 민족들을 진멸하라고 하실정도로 미워하신다는 것이다.
그렇기 때문에 위 본문을 좀 더 주의깊게 해석하는 학자들이 대부분이다.
즉, 입다의 딸이 "처녀로 죽음"을 애곡했다는 것을 들어, 입다의 딸이 결혼하지 않은 채로 하나님의 성전에서 하나님을 섬기는 일을 수행한 것으로 해석하는 것이다. 이는
Hannah 가 아들
Samuel 을 바친 것과 동일한 개념으로 적용될 수 있다.
에브라임 지파와의 갈등
이 전투에서의 승리를 가지고
Tribe of Ephraim 가 시비를 걸어온다. 원래 에브라임 지파는
Ephraim (Son of Joseph) 의 후손으로 에브라임의 형제였던
Manasseh (Son of Joseph) 의 후손인 므낫세 지파와는 친밀한 관계였을 것이다.
그러나 요셉이 두 아들들을 아버지 야곱의 축복을 받으러 왔을 때에, 야곱은 하나님의 뜻에 따라 둘째 아들인 에브라임을 더 높여 축복하였다.
이후 이스라엘 역사를 통해 에브라임 지파는 유다 지파를 제외하고 가장 강력한 지파로써 영향력을 행사했다.
([[여호수아(눈의 아들),
Samuel 모두 에브라임 지파이며, 북 이스라엘 왕국의 첫 왕도 에브라임 지파에서 나왔다)
그렇게 강력한 지파였기 때문에 암몬과의 전투에서 므낫세 지파가 큰 승리를 거둔 것에 대해 질투가 일어나고 또 자신의 영향력이 약화되는 것에 대해 불만을 품었는지, 입다를 향해 트집을 잡기 시작했다.
The men of Ephraim were gathered together, and passed northward; and they said to Jephthah , “Why did you pass over to fight against the children of Ammon, and didn’t call us to go with you? We will burn your house around you with fire!”
그러나 이런 상황에서도 입다는 다시금 침착하게 지난 시절에 므낫세 지파가 암몬 족속으로부터 침략을 받을 때에는 도와주지 않았으면서 이제와서 이러는지에 대해 지적을 하고 에브라임 지파와 전투를 벌인다.
2 Jephthah said to them, “I and my people were at great strife with the children of Ammon; and when I called you, you didn’t save me out of their hand.
3 When I saw that you didn’t save me, I put my life in my hand, and passed over against the children of Ammon, and Yahweh delivered them into my hand. Why then have you come up to me today, to fight against me?”
이후 전투에서 입다는 큰 승리를 하게 되고 에브라임 지파사람들의 말투를 통해 그들을 죽인다.
4 Then Jephthah gathered together all the men of Gilead, and fought with Ephraim . The men of Gilead struck Ephraim, because they said, “You are fugitives of Ephraim, you Gileadites, in the middle of Ephraim, and in the middle of Manasseh.”
5 The Gileadites took the fords of the Jordan against the Ephraimites. Whenever a fugitive of Ephraim said, “Let me go over,” the men of Gilead said to him, “Are you an Ephraimite?” If he said, “No;”
6 then they said to him, “Now say ‘Shibboleth;’ ” and he said “Sibboleth”; for he couldn’t manage to pronounce it correctly, then they seized him and killed him at the fords of the Jordan . At that time, forty-two thousand of Ephraim fell.
그는 6년동안 사사로써 지내다가 죽었다.
Jephthah judged Israel six years. Then Jephthah the Gileadite died, and was buried in the cities of Gilead.
그는 히브리서에서 믿음의 증인 중 하나로 기록되었다.
또 다른 입다
지명 이름이다.